{"id":8829,"date":"2017-05-17T10:37:40","date_gmt":"2017-05-17T10:37:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dyslexiadaily.com\/blog\/?p=8829"},"modified":"2026-04-27T05:44:38","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T05:44:38","slug":"review-research-use-coloured-lenses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dyslexiadaily.com\/blog\/review-research-use-coloured-lenses\/","title":{"rendered":"Review of research on the use of coloured lenses"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dyslexiadaily.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/irl.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">While much of the early literature was unpublished and of poor scientific design, there are now numerous controlled studies which have reported positive results for the use of coloured lenses. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">These studies have all been reported in peer reviewed journals, using reviewers with expertise in this field, who are unlikely to recommend the publication of studies which are methodologically unsound. I have listed these studies below, with their full references attached. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">The largest number of controlled studies report improvement in reading when using coloured plastic overlays, coloured computer monitors, and one study which illuminates text with coloured light.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Bouldoukian, Wilkins, &amp; Evans,<strong> 2002<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Chase, Ashourzadeh, Kelly, Monfette, &amp; Kinsey, <strong>2003<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Croyle, 1998; Evans &amp; Joseph, <strong>2002<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Jeanes, Busby, Martin, Lewis, Stevenson, Pointon et al., <strong>1997<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Kriss &amp; Evans, 2005; Noble, Orton, Irlen, &amp; Robinson, <strong>2004<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Northway, <strong>2003<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Ray, Fowler, &amp; Stein, <strong>2005<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Scott, McWhinnie, Taylor, Stevenson, Irons, &amp; Lewis, <strong>2002<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Singleton &amp; Trotter, <strong>2005<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Solan, Brannan, Ficarra, &amp; Byrne, <strong>1997<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Solan, Ficarra, Brannan, &amp; Rucker, <strong>1998<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Tyrrell, Holland, Dennis, &amp; Wilkins, <strong>1995<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\"> Wilkins, Jeanes, Pumfrey, &amp; Laskier, <strong>1996<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Wilkins &amp; Lewis, <strong>1999<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Wilkins, Lewis, Smith, Rowland, &amp; Tweedie, <strong>2001<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Williams, Le Cluyse, &amp; Littell, <strong>1996<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">There are also numerous studies which report improvements in eye strain, headaches and reading when using coloured lenses:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Chronicle &amp; Wilkins, <strong>1991<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\"> Evans, Patel, &amp; Wilkins, <strong>2002<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Good, Taylor, &amp; Mortimer, <strong>1991<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\"> Harris &amp; MacRow-Hill, <strong>1999<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Lightstone, Lightstone, &amp; Wilkins, <strong>1999<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Robinson &amp; Conway, <strong>2000<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Robinson &amp; Foreman, <strong>1999<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Wilkins, <strong>1993<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Wilkins, Patel, Adjamian, &amp; Evans, <strong>2002<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%; color: #7z7f80; font-family: Comic sans MS;\"> In particular, the paper by Chase et al. (<strong>2003<\/strong>), describes a series of four studies which found that the accuracy of oral reading was poorer when using red filters in comparison to blue and green filters. These results were used to support physiological evidence that red light suppresses functioning of the Magnocellular visual neural pathway, with reading being better when longer wavelengths of light (red) are removed from the light source by the use of blue filters. A number of these studies have used placebo controls<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 120%; color: #7z7f80; font-family: Comic sans MS;\"> (Bouldoukian et al., <strong>2002<\/strong>; Evans &amp; Joseph, <strong>2002<\/strong>; Jeanes et al., <strong>1997<\/strong>; Ray et al., <strong>2005<\/strong>; Robinson &amp; Foreman, <strong>1999<\/strong>; Wilkins, Evans, Brown, Busby, Wingfield, Jeanes, &amp; Bald, <strong>1994<\/strong>; Wilkins &amp; Lewis, <strong>1999<\/strong>; Wilkins et al., <strong>2002<\/strong>). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Such placebo studies are possible because the effects of coloured filters can be assessed without subjects being aware of the precise chromacity of the colour which provides optimal results for them(Wilkins, Huang, &amp; Cao, <strong>2004<\/strong>). In addition, people who respond to the use of colour are also likely to have abnormalities in accommodation (Simmers, Gray, &amp; Wilkins, <strong>2001<\/strong>), significant changes in visual evoked potentials when using coloured filters (Huang, Cooper, Satana, Kaufman, &amp; Cao, <strong>2003<\/strong>; Riddell, Wilkins, Zemori, Gordon, &amp; Hainline, <strong>1998<\/strong>) as well as differences in biochemical profiles (Robinson, Roberts, McGregor, Dunstan, &amp; Butt, <strong>2001<\/strong>; Sparkes, Robinson, Dunstan, &amp; Roberts, <strong>2003<\/strong>; Sparkes, Robinson, Roberts, &amp; Dunstan, <strong>2006<\/strong>), all of which could not be attributed to placebo effects.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> \u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> <strong><span style=\"font-size: 120%; font-family: Roboto;\">REFERENCES:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Bouldoukian, J., Wilkins, A. J., &amp; Evans, B. J. W. (2002)<\/strong>. Randomised controlled trial of the effect of coloured overlays on the rate of reading of people with specific learning difficulties. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 22, 55-60.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Chase, C., Ashourzadeh, A., Kelly, C., Monfette, S., &amp; Kinsey, K. (2003)<\/strong>. Can the magnocellular pathway read? Evidence from studies of colour. Vision Research, 43, 1211-1222. Chronicle, E. P. &amp; Wilkins, A. J. (1991).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\">Colour and visual discomfort in migraineurs. <strong>The Lancet<\/strong>, 338, 890.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Croyle, L. (1998)<\/strong>. Rate of reading, visual processing, colour and contrast. Australian Journal of Learning Disabilities, 3(3), 13-20<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Evans, B. J. W., &amp; Joseph, F. (2002)<\/strong>. The effect of coloured filters on the rate of reading in an adult study population. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 22, 525-535.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Evans, B. J. W., Patel, R., &amp; Wilkins A. J. (2002)<\/strong>. Optometric function in visually sensitive migraine before and after treatment with tinted spectacles. Ophthalmological and Physiological Optics, 22, 130-142.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Good, P. A., Taylor, R. H., &amp; Mortimer, M. J. (1991)<\/strong>. The use of tinted glasses in childhood migraine. Headache, September, 533-536.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Harris, D. &amp; MacRow-Hill (1999)<\/strong>. Application of Chroma-Gen haloscopic lenses to patients with dyslexia: A double-masked placebo-controlled trial. Journal of the Optometric Association, 70(1), 629-640.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Huang, J., Cooper, T. G., Satana, D. Kaufman, D. L., &amp; Cao, Y. (2003)<\/strong>. Visual distortion provoked by a stimulus in migraine associated with hyperneural activity. Headache, 43, 664-671.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Jeanes, R., Busby, A., Martin, J., Lewis, E., Stevenson, N., Pointon, D., &amp; Wilkins, A. (1997)<\/strong>. Prolonged use of coloured overlays for classroom reading. British Journal of Psychology, 88, 531-548.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Kriss, I., &amp; Evans, B. J. W. (2005)<\/strong>. The relationship between dyslexia and Meares-Irlen Syndrome. Journal of Research in Reading, 28(3), 350-364.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Kyd, L. J. C., Sutherland, G. F. M., &amp; McGettrick, P. M. (1992)<\/strong>. A preliminary appraisal of the Irlen screening process for scotopic sensitivity syndrome and the effect of Irlen coloured overlays on reading. The British Orthoptic Journal, 49, 24-30.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Lightstone, A., Lightstone, T., &amp; Wilkins, A. J. (1999)<\/strong>. Both coloured overlays and coloured lenses can improve reading fluency, but their optimal chromacities differ. Ophthalmological and Physiological Optics, 19(4), 279-285.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Noble, J., Orton, M., Irlen, S., &amp; Robinson, G. L. (2004)<\/strong>. A field study of the use of coloured overlays on reading achievement. Australian Journal of Learning Disabilities, 9(2), 14-26.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Northway, N. (2003)<\/strong>. Predicting the continued use of overlays in school children: A comparison of the Development Eye Movement test and the Rate of Reading test. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 23(5), 457-463.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Ray, N. J., Fowler, S., &amp; Stein, J. F. (2005)<\/strong>. Yellow filters can improve magnocellular function: Motion sensitivity, convergence, accommodation and reading. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1039, 283-293.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Riddell, P. M., Wilkins, A. J., Zemori, V., Gordon, J., &amp; Hainline, J. (1998)<\/strong>. The effects of coloured lenses on visual evoked response in photophobic children. Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science (Abstract), 39 (Suppl.), pp. 181.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Robinson, G. L., &amp; Conway, R. N. F. (1994)<\/strong>. Irlen filters and reading strategies: Effects of coloured filters on reading achievement, specific reading strategies and perception of ability. Perceptual &amp; Motor Skills, 79, 467-483.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Robinson, G. L., &amp; Conway, R. N. F. (2000)<\/strong>. Irlen lenses and adults: A small scale study of reading speed, accuracy, comprehension and self-image. Australian Journal of Learning Disabilities, 5(1), 4-13.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Robinson, G. L., &amp; Foreman, P. J. (1999)<\/strong>. Scotopic Sensitivity\/Irlen Syndrome and the use of coloured filters: A long-term placebo controlled and masked study of reading achievement and perception of ability. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 89, 83-113.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Robinson, G. L., McGregor, N. R., Roberts, T. K., Dunstan, R. H., &amp; Butt, H. (2001)<\/strong>. A biochemical analysis of people with chronic fatigue who have Irlen Syndrome: Speculation concerning immune system dysfunction. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 93, 486-504.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Scott, L., McWhinnie, H., Taylor, L., Stevenson, N., Irons, P., Lewis, E., Evans, B., &amp; Wilkins, A. (2002)<\/strong>. Coloured overlays in schools: Orthoptic and optometric findings. Ophthalmological and Physiological Optics, 22, 156-165.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Simmers, A. J., Gray, L. S., &amp; Wilkins, A. J. (2001)<\/strong>. The influence of tinted lenses upon ocular accommodation. Vision Research, 41, 1229-1238.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Singleton, C., &amp; Trotter, S. (2005)<\/strong>. Visual stress in adults with and without dyslexia. Journal of Research in Reading, 28(3), 365-379.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Solan, H. A., Brannan, J. R., Ficarra, A., &amp; Byrne, R. (1997)<\/strong>. Transient and sustained processing: Effects of varying luminance and wavelength on reading comprehension. Journal of the American Optometric Association, 68(8), 502-510.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Solan, H. A., Ficarra, A., Brannan, J. R., &amp; Rucker, F. (1998)<\/strong>. Eye movement effiency in normal and reading disabled elementary school children: Effects of varying luminance and wavelength. Journal of the American Optometric Association, 69(7), 455-464.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Sparkes, D. L., Robinson, G. L., Dunstan, H., &amp; Roberts, T. K. (2003)<\/strong>. Plasma cholesterol levels and Irlen Syndrome: Preliminary study of 10- to 17-year-old students. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 97, 743-758.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Sparkes, D. L., Robinson, G. L., Roberts, T. K., &amp; Dunstan, H. (2006)<\/strong>. General health and associated biochemistry in a visual-perceptual subtype of dyslexia. In F. Columbus (Ed.), Learning Disabilities: New Research. NY: Nova Science Publications.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Tyrrell, R., Holland, K., Dennis, D., &amp; Wilkins, A. (1995)<\/strong>. Coloured overlays, visual discomfort, visual search and classroom reading. Research in Reading, 18, 10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Wilkins, A. J. (1993)<\/strong>. Reading and visual discomfort. In D. M. Willows, R. S. Kruk, &amp; E. Corcos (Eds.), Visual processes in reading and reading disabilities. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Wilkins, A. J., Evans, B. J. W., Brown, J. A., Busby, A. E., Wingfield, A. E., Jeanes, R. J., &amp; Bald, J. (1994)<\/strong>. Double-masked placebo-controlled trial of precision spectral filters in children who use coloured overlays. Ophthalmological and Physiological Optics, 14, 365-370.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Wilkins, A. J., Jeanes, R. J., Pumfrey, P. D., &amp; Laskier, M. (1996)<\/strong>. Rate of reading test: Its reliability and its validity in the assessment of the effects of coloured overlays. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 16, 365-370.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Wilkins, A. J. &amp; Lewis, E. (1999)<\/strong>. Coloured overlays, text and texture. Perception, 28, 641-650.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Wilkins, A. J., Lewis, E., Smith, F., Rowland, F., &amp; Tweedie, W. (2001)<\/strong>. Coloured overlays and their benefits for reading. Journal of Research in Reading, 24(1), 41-64.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Wilkins, A. J., Patel, R., Adjamian, P., &amp; Evans, B. J. W. (2002)<\/strong>. Tinted spectacles and visually-sensitive migraine. Cephalagia, 22, 711-719.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Williams, M. C., Le Cluyse, K., &amp; Littell, R. (1996)<\/strong>. A wavelength specific intervention for reading disability. In R. P. Garzia &amp; R. London (Eds.), Vision and Reading. St Louis: Mosby.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Compiled by the late Dr Greg Robinson. Associate Professor Special Education<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> The University of Newcastle NSW Australia<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>MORE RECENT ARTICLES:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>A Functional neuroimaging case study of Meares-Irlen syndrome\/visual stress (MISViS)<\/strong>. Chouinard BD, Zhou CI, Hrybouski S, Kim ES, Cummine J.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> Brain Topogr. <strong>2012 Jul<\/strong>;25(3):293-307.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22124535<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Screening for dyslexia, dyspraxia and Meares-Irlen syndrome in higher education<\/strong>. Nichols SA, McLeod JS, Holder RL, McLeod HS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> Dyslexia <strong>2009 Feb<\/strong>;15(1):42-60.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19089876<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Meares-Irlen syndrome \u2013 a need for increasing awareness in the general public<\/strong>. Kapoor S.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. <strong>2008 May<\/strong>;28(3):291<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18426430<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>The effect of coloured filters on the rate of reading in an adult student population<\/strong>. Evans BJ, Joseph F.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. <strong>2002 Nov<\/strong>;22(6):535-45<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12477018<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>A preliminary investigation into the aetiology of Meares-Irlen syndrome<\/strong>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> Evans BJ, Wilkins AJ, Brown J, Busby A, Wingfield A, Jeanes R, Bald J.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> Ophthalmic Physiol Opt <strong>1996 Jul<\/strong>;16(4): 286-96<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8796197<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Visual Perceptual Difficulties and the impact on children\u2019s learning: Are teachers missing the page?<\/strong> Christopher Boyle, Divya Jindal-Snape<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> British Journal of Support for Learning <strong>2012<\/strong>; 27(4) 166-171<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1467-9604.12001\/abstract<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Colors, colored overlays, and reading skills<\/strong>. Arcangelo Uccula, Mauro Enna, Claudio Mulatti<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> Front Psychol. <strong>2014<\/strong>; 5:833<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4114255\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>A comparison of two-coloured filter systems for treating visual rading difficulties<\/strong>. Roger Hall, Micola Ray, Priscilla Harries, John Stein<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> Disabil Rehabil <strong>2013 Dec<\/strong>; 35(26): 2221-2226<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3862071\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>The Educational Challenge of Irlen Syndrome Siegfried Othmer, PhD<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong> EEG Info Newsletter \u2013 Articles and Discussion on Neurofeedback and Biofeedback<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> http:\/\/news.eeginfo.com\/the-educational-challenge-of-irlen-syndrome\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Treating reading difficulties with colour<\/strong>. Lisa M Henderson, Robert H Taylor, Brendan Barrett, Philip G Griffiths.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> BMJ <strong>2014<\/strong>; 349:g5160<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/349\/bmj.g5160<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Coloured Filters Enhance the Visual Perception of Social Cues in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders<\/strong>. Amanda K Ludlow, Elaine Taylor-Whiffen, Arnold J Wilkins.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> ISRN Neurol. <strong>2012<\/strong>; 2012:298098<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/isrn\/2012\/298098\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>A placebo-controlled trial of tinted lenses in adolescents with good and poor academic performance: reading accuracy and speed<\/strong>. Genis Cardona, Rosa Boras, Elvira Peris, Marina Castane.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> J Optom. <strong>2010<\/strong>;3(2):94-101<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Specific Visual Symptoms and Signs of Meares-Irlen Syndrome in Korean<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> Minwook Chang, Seung-Hyun Kim, Joo-Young Kim, Yoonae A Cho<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> Korean J Ophthalmol <strong>2014<\/strong>; 28(2): 159-163<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> http:\/\/synapse.koreamed.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.3341\/kjo.2014.28.2.159<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Meares-Irlen Syndrome: A Pilot Study<\/strong>. Ji Hyun Kim, Hye-Jin Seo, Suk-Gyu Ha, Seung-Hyun Kim<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> Korean J Ophthalmol <strong>2015<\/strong>; 29(2): 121-125<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> http:\/\/synapse.koreamed.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.3341\/kjo.2015.29.2.121<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Using coloured filters to reduce the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay<\/strong>. Harries P, Hall R, Ray N, Stein J.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> Scand J Occup Ther <strong>2015 Mar<\/strong>;22(2): 153-60<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25581284<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>Levels of visual stress in Proficient Readers: Effects of Spectral Filtering of Fluorescent Lighting on Reading Discomfort<\/strong>. Loew SJ, Rodriguez C, Marsh NV, Jones GL, Munez JC, Watson K.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> Span J Psychol <strong>2015 Aug 10<\/strong>; 18:E58<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26255657<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"><strong>A Prospective Genetic Marker of the visual-perception disorder Meares-Irlen syndrome<\/strong>. Loew SJ, Watson K.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> Percept Mot Skills. <strong>2012 Jun<\/strong>;114(3): 870-82<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #4f4f4f;\"> http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22913027<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic sans MS'; color: #4f4f4f;\">Source: <strong>Dr Joan Brien B.Sc. Grad.Dip.Ed. Ph.D<\/strong> &#8211; <strong>www.irlendyslexia.com<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While much of the early literature was unpublished and of poor scientific design, there are now numerous controlled studies which have reported positive results for the use of coloured lenses. These studies have all been reported in peer reviewed journals, using reviewers with expertise in this field, who are unlikely... <br \/><a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dyslexiadaily.com\/blog\/review-research-use-coloured-lenses\/\">Continue reading...<\/a>","protected":false},"author":15571,"featured_media":16019,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[95],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8829","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-visual-processing-disorder"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dyslexiadaily.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8829","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dyslexiadaily.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dyslexiadaily.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dyslexiadaily.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15571"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dyslexiadaily.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8829"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/www.dyslexiadaily.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8829\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8857,"href":"https:\/\/www.dyslexiadaily.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8829\/revisions\/8857"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dyslexiadaily.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16019"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dyslexiadaily.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8829"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dyslexiadaily.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8829"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dyslexiadaily.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8829"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}